ENGLISH KA MAHASAGAR BY ADV.PANKAJ JOSHI

      Creation and presentation by ADV.PANKAJ JOSHI APEKSHA ONLINE ENGLISH CLASSES JAIPUR RAJASTHAN जिसमें विनाश सहने की ताकत है उसके निर्माण को कायनात भी नहीं रोक सकती है। Conjunction part 3 1.lest ...........should Grammar power A.,lest का अर्थ नही तो होगा B.इसके बाद हमेशा should आयेगा। C.इसके बाद not नहीं आयेगा  A.   Work hard lest you should fail कड़ी मेहनत करो नहीं तो अनुत्तीर्ण हो जाओगे  B.run fast lest you should miss your train 🚂 तेजी से भागो नहीं तुम्हारी ट्रेन छुट जायेगी. C. Speak the truth lest the police should arrest you . D.hide the money lest the thieves should steal the money  ********************* 2.as if /as though  A .इनका अर्थ होगा मानो या मानो लीजिए B.इनके बाद शब्द होगा तो wereआयेगा और वाक्य होगा had+v3 आयेगा। C.इनके पहले वाला वाक्य present ,past ,future हो सकता ‌है . 1.he orders me as if I were his slave. वह मुझे आदेश देता है मानो कि मैं उसका गुलाम हुं। 2.you will scold me as though I were your servent . तुम मुझे डांटोग...

 आज नए हैं, कल पहचान बन जाएगी, आज अनजान हैं, कल दोस्ती पुरानी हो जाएगी, बस यूँ ही मुस्कुराते रहिए इस सफर में, देखते ही देखते कॉलेज की कहानी बन जाएगी।

   Contract act  Section 211 .agent 's duty in conducting principal 's business ---as agent is bound to conduct the business of the principal according to the directions given by the principal or in the absence of any such directions according to the customs which prevails in doing business of the same kind at the place where the agent condutcs such business.when the agent acts otherwise .if any loss be sustained he must make it good to his principal and if any profit accrues be must account for it . Illustrations  A.A an agent engaged in carrying on for B a business in which it the customs to invest from time to time ,at interest ,the  moneys which may be in hand onits to make such investment .A must make good to B the interest usually obtained by such investment. b.B a broker in whose business it is not the customs to sell on credit sells goods of A on credit to C whose credit at the time was very high c before payment becomes insolvent .B must make good the t...

     CONJUNCTION PART 2 जब बारिश होती है तो बाकी पक्षी किसी पनाह में अपने आपको छिपा लेते हैं मगर  बाज उन्हीं बादलों के गुरुर को चुनौती देता है जो बारिश कर रहे होते हैं। ************* 1.WHO इसका अर्थ होगा जो यह वाक्य में कर्ता का काम करता है । इससे पहले हमेशा noun or pronoun आयेगा  इससे पहले हमेशा I we you they he she. आयेगा  इससे पहले कभी भी me us him them him her नहीं आयेगा । इसके बाद हमेशा verb आयेगी और verb इससे पहले आने वाले antecedent के अनुसार आयेगीं। 1.he is my combative neighbour who is altercating with me from dawn to dusk. यह मेरा लड़ाकु पड़ोसी हैं जो सुबह से शाम तक मेरे से कहासुनी कर रहा है। 2.Ram is my erudite principal who teaches us English . राम मेरे विद्वान  प्रधानाचार्य ‌है जो हमें अंग्रेजी पढ़ाते हैं। 3.He is a tyro doctor who has rooked the people in the name of fake treatment. वह एक अनाड़ी डाक्टर है जो नकली इलाज के नाम पर लोगो को‌ ठगा है। 4.it is he who was molesting me at Carfax  यह वो है जो चौराहे पर मुझे छेड़ रहा था । ******...

 Question Explain the provisions of Sections 176, 177 and 178A of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, relating to the rights of a pawnee and the validity of a pledge made by a person having a defective title. Answer Section 176 – Pawnee’s rights where pawnor makes default: When the pawnor makes default in payment of the debt, the pawnee may: Sue the pawnor for the debt and retain the pledged goods as collateral security; or Sell the pledged goods after giving the pawnor reasonable notice of the sale. If the sale proceeds are less than the debt, the pawnor must pay the balance. If they exceed the debt, the surplus must be paid to the pawnor. Section 177 – Defaulting pawnor’s right to redeem: Even after default, the pawnor has the right to redeem the pledged goods at any time before the actual sale, by paying the debt and expenses arising from the default. Section 178A – Pledge by person in possession under a voidable contract: Where a person obtains possession of goods under a voidable c...

  Revocation of authority  Section 201.terminaton of agency ----any agency is terminated by the principal, revoking his authority or by the agent renouncing the business of the agency or by the business of the agency being completed or by either the principal  being adjudicated an insolvent under the provisions of any act for time being in force for the relief of insolvent debtors . Section 202 . termination of agency where agent has himself and interest in the property which forms the subject matter of the agency the agency cannot  in the absence of an express contract be terminated to the prejudice of such interest. Illustrations  a.A gives authority to B to sell A 's land and to pay himself out of the proceeds the debt due to him from A .A cannot revoke this authority nor can it be terminated by insanity or death . b.A consigns 1000 bales of cotton to B .who has made advances to him on such cotton and desires B to sell the cotton and to repay himself out of t...

  कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता (AI) आधुनिक न्यायपालिका के लिए एक महत्वपूर्ण सहायक तकनीक के रूप में उभर रही है। इसका उपयोग विधिक अनुसंधान, निर्णयों एवं नजीरों की खोज, दस्तावेजों के अनुवाद, प्रतिलेखन, मामलों के प्रबंधन तथा न्यायिक कार्यवाही को अधिक तेज और व्यवस्थित बनाने में किया जा सकता है। इससे न्याय तक पहुँच और न्यायिक दक्षता में सुधार संभव है। किन्तु AI न्यायाधीश का विकल्प नहीं हो सकता। न्यायिक निर्णय केवल कानून के शब्दों पर आधारित नहीं होते, बल्कि साक्ष्य के मूल्यांकन, परिस्थितियों की समझ, संवैधानिक मूल्यों, प्राकृतिक न्याय और न्यायिक विवेक पर भी निर्भर करते हैं। AI के प्रयोग से निजता, गोपनीयता, पक्षपात, पारदर्शिता, उत्तरदायित्व तथा गलत या काल्पनिक विधिक जानकारी जैसी चुनौतियाँ भी उत्पन्न होती हैं। AI द्वारा उत्पन्न गलत न्यायिक निर्णयों अथवा संदर्भों की संभावना यह स्पष्ट करती है कि प्रत्येक AI-आधारित सूचना का प्रमाणिक विधिक स्रोतों से स्वतंत्र सत्यापन आवश्यक है। Pooja Ramesh Singh v. Jammu & Kashmir Bank Ltd. (2026) में AI-जनित गलत विधिक सामग्री पर निर्भरता से जुड़े खतरे भी सामने आए। ...

  Question 10 A appoints B to purchase certain goods on his behalf. B agrees to act for A and enters into negotiations with C. However, B does not disclose to C that he is acting as an agent for A. Later, A authorises B to appoint D to assist him in carrying out the work. B appoints D, who acts under B’s instructions. Explain, with reference to Sections 182, 183, 184, 185, 186 and 187 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, the legal position regarding A, B and D. Answer: Section 182 — Agent and Principal: B is an agent because he is employed by A to do an act for A or represent A in dealings with third persons. A is the principal. Section 183 — Who may employ an agent: A, being competent to contract, can appoint B as his agent. Section 184 — Who may be an agent: Any person may become an agent. Therefore, B’s capacity to contract is not essential merely for acting as an agent. Section 185 — Consideration not necessary: No consideration is necessary to create an agency between A and B. Se...

  Question 10 A appoints B to purchase certain goods on his behalf. B agrees to act for A and enters into negotiations with C. However, B does not disclose to C that he is acting as an agent for A. Later, A authorises B to appoint D to assist him in carrying out the work. B appoints D, who acts under B’s instructions. Explain, with reference to Sections 182, 183, 184, 185, 186 and 187 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, the legal position regarding A, B and D. Answer: Section 182 — Agent and Principal: B is an agent because he is employed by A to do an act for A or represent A in dealings with third persons. A is the principal . Section 183 — Who may employ an agent: A, being competent to contract, can appoint B as his agent. Section 184 — Who may be an agent: Any person may become an agent. Therefore, B’s capacity to contract is not essential merely for acting as an agent. Section 185 — Consideration not necessary: No consideration is necessary to create an agency between A and B....