ENGLISH KA MAHASAGAR BY ADV.PANKAJ JOSHI

  Theme base vocab by adv.pankaj joshi Molestation and foeticide /woman status in our country  1.lust and lucre ----human frailty 2.carnal pleasure and corporeal needs ----rudimentary reason of offence 3.in ancient era ---- woman confine within four walls of house  4.busy as bee  In domestic chores In Penelope 's web around a clock/from dawn to dusk 5.churn up curd-----grind grain with a quern----withdraw water from well----cook food by hearth----milk the milch cattle 6. Cater fodder to the milch cattle  7.rear their cattle  8.nurse+bring up+cherish+nourish+nurture 9.her  life is akin to/tantamount to  Zombie  Bondage+thrall+servitude+slave+subjection  10.maul+flay+wallop+thrash+ 11.clem+live on air+starve  12.put on---rags/tatters/torn clothes 13 eat---musty +rancid+putrid+stale+humble food  14.rise with lark /rise in wee hours  15.repress+restrain+supress+subdue+quell+quash 16.inclination+penchant+leaning 17.craving+longing+yearn 18.pent up desire/surreals 19.engender +beget+proc

  1.यदि वाक्य में निम्न भाव हो तो reporting verb निम्न प्रकार बदलेगी  और conjunction to आयेगा  1. आदेश है  ordered  2.प्रार्थना है requested  3.चेतावनी है warned 4.राय है advised  5.प्रस्ताव suggested  6.मनाई है  forbade 2.यदि वाक्य में    यानि सद्भावना और आशीर्वाद है तो Reporting verb wished/prayed  में बदल जायेगी May का   might हो जायेगा यदि may का प्रयोग ना भी हुआ हो तो  भाव के अनुसार might आयेगा ******* 3.यदि वाक्य  में अभिवादन हो तो reporting verb wished आयेगा और जिसको अभिवादन किया जाता है उसको बाहर निकाल लिया जाता है इसमें कोई CONJUCTION नही आयेगा  4 यदि वाक्य में विदाई सुचक शब्द हो तो rv bade आयेगा ओर CONJUCTION नहीं आयेगा  5.यदि वाक्य में universal truth, mathematical fact, historical fact,proverb, habitual act हो तो reporting speech का tense नहीं बदलेगा 

  1.the government .............to raise the electricity generated from nuclear plants since 2020. A.has been hoping B.is hoping C.had been hoping D.hopes Hope+doubt/dislike+like 2.Mohan wishes he ..........rich. A.is B.was C.were D.will be 3.if you ..............,........me in hours of need ,I will never forget you. A.will ,stand by  B .no word,stand by C.will,stand for D.no word,stand to  4.........manager like his family members ............ problems . A.the,is having B.the ,has C.zero article ,has D.the ,was having  5.you .........not .........parents .......... A.can ,look down into,advise B.must ,look down upon,advice C.may ,look down for ,advise D.must  ,look down  upon,advices 6..............you like to read ..........Gita. A.could ,the B.would,the C.can,the D.may, the 7.you .................the class when you have completed.........test A.may left,the B.may leave,the C.may be left,a D.may left ,zero Article  8.i .........go to the doctor because I ........not bear..... toothac

  Infinitive ----to+v1 को infinitive कहा जाता है जिसका अर्थ होता है ने के लिए। 1.i do odd jobs to earn my bread and butter. 2.she goads her hubby to grind her own axe. Goad+incite+instigate+abet Serve your purpose Feather your own nest 3.you should rummage his house to locate coffer 4.they will abduct a roly poly child to demand hefty ransom. 5.i will buy a dagger to lunge at him in dark pitch night ******** 2.is/am/are+to +v1---करना है Was/were+to+v1 ----करना था  1.i am to accomplish my task till 5 pm 2.he is to stash away treasure trove to bluff the docile villagers 3.he was to mug up a ramble essay for IMPENDING competition. Learn by heart+cram+rote+mug up 3.Infinitive को वाक्य शुरू करने के लिए किया जाता है  1.to backbite of others is a mortal sin. 2.to tease a parrot is  reli c of prankishness. 3.to smoke Hubble bubble is detrimental to health. DELETERIOUS+inimical+detrimental+injurious+harmful+DETRITUS  4.let के बाद to नहीं आयेगा  1.let me probe this cold blooded murder. 2.let him

  Direct to indirect 1.my me we us our बदलेगा reporting verb के  subject के अनुसार 2. You ,you your reporting verb के object अनुसार बदलेगा  3.he his him she her her they their them its ये नहीं बदलेंगे  Says to /say to होगा तो tells or tell में बदलेगा। 4.यदि reporting verb present or future है तो reporting speech का tense नही बदलेगा  He says to me ,"I scold him." He tells me that he scolds him. 2. He says to him ,"you sell your house ." He tells him that he sells his house 3.he says  to  me,"he drinks booze." He tells me that he drinks booze ********** 2.tesnse. बदलने का नियम निम्न हैं 1.v1/v5------v2 2.is/am/are+v4------was/were+V4 3.has/have+v3----had+V3 4.has/have+been---had been+v4 5.v2-----had+V3 6.was/were+V4-----had been+V4 --------- Modal  बदलने का नियम Will ----would Shall/---would/should  Can----could May----might  ****"*** शब्द बदलने के नियम This ---that Here----there Now---then These---those Yesterday ---the previous day Today---that day To

Topic ---participle 1.जब  verb. की  ing form  से। Noun  पहले आकर उसकी विशेषता बतायें तो present participle  कहलाता है. 1.एक शिकारी ने उड़ते हुए पक्षी को तीर से मारा। 2.उसने एक रोते हुए बच्चे को खुश करने के लिए एक टुटा फुटा खिलौना दिया। 2. जब एक काम को समाप्त बताना  हो उस काम को present participle से शुरू किया जाता है । 1.a monk crushed a crawling  snake. 2.some hoodlums had kidnapped a  playing child  1.उसके हाथ पैर  बांध कर ,उसकी तिजौरी को लुट लिया  गया। 2  चुनाव में हेराफेरी करके ,मुझे चुनावो‌ में किसी ना किसी तरह हरा दिया गया 1.Barging into my house,they beaten us black and blue 2.drinking like a fish ,he caroused at  Carfax. 3.catch+find+leave के बाद अगला शब्द present participle आयेगा। 1.मैने उसे ‌ चट्टान के पीछे अफीम खाते‌ हुए पाया था । 2.उसने उसे विशाल ‌पेडो को‌ काटते हुए‌ छोड़ा था । 1.,I caught him molesting a gorgeous girl. 2.i found him lacing poison with his food  3.i left him altercating with his neighbours  4.having +V3 को perfect participle कहा जाता है। 1.having+V3 आता है

  1.who की passive by whom से बनेगी  Who robbed this bank . By whom was this bank robbed  Who will abuse him By whom will he be abused ########## 2. यदि वाक्य की शुरुआत निम्न शब्दों से होता I believe/ I believed I know/I knew People think/people thought People say/people said ऐसे वाक्यों की passive दो प्रकार से बनेगी A. या तो उत्तर में is is believed आयेगा या it was believed आयेगा। B. उत्तर में thatके बाद V3 or to be आयेगा। 1. People say that Ram is a hermit. It is said that Ram is a hermit. 2.i know that you are a bandit You are known to be a bandit. ##### Made की passive  Hint इसकी passive v1से पहले to आयेगा और v1 से पहले वाले वाक्य की passive बनेगी और by sub नहीं आयेगा I made him write a letter. मैंने उससे एक पत्र लिखवाया ‌था  He was made to write a letter. 2.he made me paint his house I was made to paint his house. **** यदि वाक्य में advised का भाव हो‌तो you are advised toसे passive voice बनेगी  Take your medicine regularly You are advised to take medicine regularly ****** यदि वाक्