ENGLISH KA MAHASAGAR BY ADV.PANKAJ JOSHI

  Rotation and Revision class of present perfect  Active voice  Sub+has/have+V3+ob आज का समाप्त कार्य  He/she/it/any singular ---- Has+V3 You /we/they/any plural  Have +V3 ******* General sentences  1.i have sold my old bike to my friend. Sell sold sold  2.he has bought a new laptop to gift his brother. Buy bought bought  3.i have celebrated my birthday in a grandeur hotel. 4.you have worn torn clothes /rags/tatters due to you poverty. Wear wore worn  5.we have sung a  psalm  with devotees in temple. Sing sang sung  6.we have selected you for this post due to your talent . 7.i have drunk spumy milk in pen in morning . Drink drank drunk  8.Some students  have damaged his car  due to enmity. 9.some people have given food the beggars out side temple Give gave given  10 .some  divers  have swum in a dirty river at dusk. Swim swam swum  Important points So far   अब तक +already पहले  से ही + just  अभी अभी + lately अभी अभी +  yet  अभी तक present perfect  yet/so far+present perfect negative  1

  Some important rules and regulations  Sub verb agreement  1.दो पर्यायवाची and से जुड़े हों तो Verb singular  Honesty and integrity is the best policy. Your bravery and audacity has been praised  ***** 2.दो शब्द एक व्यक्ति और वस्तु को बताते हैं तो verb singular आयेगी  The poet and painter has died  morning. दो शब्द मिलकर एक भाव ,अर्थ  या phrase के रुप में आये तो verb singular  Bread and butter is good breakfast. Drinking and driving is cause of accident. ******"  कुछ शब्द दो  भागों से मिलकर बने होते हैं +plural verb मगर इनसे पहले a pair लगा दिया ‌जाये तो verb singular  Binoculars/pliers/shoes/socks/jeans/pants/trousers/pliers/scissors+plural verb A pair +shoes.....singular subject  Shoes are expensive  A pair of shoes is expensive  ********** Mathematics, physics, economics,politics , statistics innings +singular verb My/his/their/her/your+above words------plural verb Politics is not good for everyone  You politics are diplomatic  ******* Deer+fish/fruit+sheep का बहुवचन नहीं होता

  1.जो शब्द को noun or pronoun को विशेषता प्रदान करें Jaipur is a big and an attractive  city  2.each/every /either/neither  के साथ plural verb or their नहीं आयेगा  हमेशा singular verb or his/her आयेगा Each /every के बाद of ---plural noun  Each/every ---singular noun  Either/neither+of+two/them+singular verb+his/her Each of boys is going to school  Either of two girls is playing with her friends  ****** 2.little न के बराबर  A little थोड़ा सा  The little  जो कुछ थोड़ा सा Uncountable noun  There is little water in bottle ***** 3.few न के बराबर  A few थोड़ा सा The few  जो कुछ थोड़ा सा  Countable noun के लिए आयेगा  I will invite few friends to my birthday party  ***** 4.some /any  Some +positive sentence  Some +request +interrogative sentence  Any +negative sentence  Any +general interrogative sentence  I will purchase some books I will not purchase any book ***** 5.elder to + comparison blood rely The eldest +सबसे बड़ा +blood relation  Older than +comparison+except blood relation  The old

  Rotation and Revision of present continuous  Active voice Sub+is/am/are+V4+ob I---am+V4 He/she/it/any singular ---is+V4 You/we/they/any plural ---are+V4 कर रहा है/कर रहे हैं General sentences  1.i am washing my dirty clothes in the morning  मैं सुबह मेरे गंदे कपड़े धो रहा हूं  2.he is putting his books  on  table  वह  टेबल पर अपनी किताबों को रख रहा है। 3.you are beating your neighbour without any reason  तुम अपने पड़ोसी को अकारण मार रहे हो 4.he is ordering  two  cup of tea in a restaurant. वह रेस्टोरेंट में दो कप चाय के लिए आदेश दे रहा है 5.my friend is preparing for   impending competition. मेरा दोस्त आने वाली प्रतियोगिता के लिए तैयारी कर रहा है 6.my sister is chopping off vegetables in the shade of tree. मेरी बहन पेड़ की छाया में  सब्जियां काट रहा है 7.they are solving difficult puzzles वे कठिन पहेलियो को हल‌ कर रहा है 8.Ram is ma king a noise in the class .his teacher is scolding him राम कक्षा में शोरगुल मचा रहा है  उसकी अध्यापक उसे  डांट रही है  9.the dogs are barking in street 

  Rules and regulations  for narration  ********* Rules regarding tense 1.v1/v5---v2 2.is/am/are+v4----was/were+V4 3.has/have+v3-----had+V3 4.has/have been+v4----had been +V4  5.v2---had+V3 6.was/were+v4----had been+V4 ****** Rules regarding modals 1.will ---would 2.shall ---should /would 3.can---could 4.may ---might ********* Rules regarding to pronoun  I ,we,me ,us,my ,our ----sub. 2.you ,you ,your,---object 3.he  his him she her her they their them it's ----no change  *"*********** Rules regarding some words   This.   -------that Here---there Ago---before Today---that day Yesterday ---the previous day Last week /month /year---the previous week /month  Tomorrow ---the next day  These---those Now ---then Thus ----some She said to me," i will purchase this book." She told me that she would purchase that book  ******* 1.बाहर  say to/says to  है अंदर का tense नहीं बदलेगा  Say to/says to---tell/tells में बदल‌‌ जायेगा  2.बाहर said to है told ,that आयेगा ,pronoun ,tense ब

  Active voice Sub+v1/v5+ob He/she it/any singular---v5/does not +v1 You /we/they /any plural ---v1/donot +v1  General sentences 1.i go to library to study मैं पढ़ने के लिए पुस्तकालय जाता हूं  2.he buys vegetables to cook. वह पकाने के लिए सब्जियां खरीदता है 3.you repair  a bike and a laptops तुम एक बाईक और लेपटॉप ठीक करते हो 4.my brother reads the Hindustan times  मेरा भाई हिन्दूस्तान टाईम्स पढ़ता है‌ 5.my neighbour rears a goat and a cow. मेरा पडौसी एक बकरी और गाय पालता है 6.my granny chants a hymn in the morning  मेरी दादी  सुबह एक आरती गाती है 7. She knits the sweaters for orphan children  वह अनाथ बच्चों के लिए स्वेटर बुनती है  8.my father tills in the village  मेरे पापा  गांव में खेती करते है 9.a farmer /tiller grows cro ps in rain  एक किसान बारीक में फसल उगाता है  10.the police arrest the criminals and produce  them in court. पुलिस अपराधीयो को गिरफ्तार करती और‌ न्यायालय में पेश करती है। Practice session with vocab and grammar  *""""" Active 1.गरीब लोग   फट

  Summary of passive voice  Passive voice  Passive of tense Present  1.v1/v5/do/does -----is/am/are+V3 2.is /am/are+v4-----is/am/are+being+V3 3.has/have+v3----have been/has been+V3 4.no passive  ******* Past. 5.v2/did +v1-----was/were+V3 6.was/were+v4----was/were+being+V3 7.had -----had been+V3 8.no passive  ****** Future 9 will -----will be+V3 10.no passive 11.will have+v3----will have been +V3 12.no passive  **** Passive of modals 1.should ----should be+V3 2.can----can be+v3 3.may ----may be+v3 4.could ---could be+v3 6.might ---might be+v3 7.used to ----used to be+v3 8.ought ----ought to be+v3 9.should have+v3--should have been  10.must have+v3---must have been +V3 11.could have/would have +v3----could have /would have been+V3 12.may have +v3----may have been +V3 ****** Passive of compulsions 1.had to+v1----had to be+V3 2.has to/have to +v1----has/have to be+V3 3.will have to+v1----will have to be+V3 ****** Special rules  1.who की passive  में  by whom आयेगा  Who invited my father By